Contraceptive decision-making: a phenomenological approach.

Authors: Bernat, SH

Type: Journal

Publication Date: 1993

Publication Source: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO, 1993; D.N.S. (391 p)

Synopsis and Comments: The purpose of this research was to discover and describe the experiences of couples deciding to use a method of birth control as part of their sexual relations. There were two questions central to the study: How do couples decide to use a method of birth control? What are their thoughts, perceptions and feelings as they decide to contracept? The method of study was phenomenology using Rosemary Parse's Human Becoming theory. Ten couples were interviewed using open-ended questions, until redundancy in data (or repeating patterns) were obvious. The dialogue was transcribed in the Tedlock format and analyzed using Giorgi's version of hermeneutic phenomenology. There were five themes present in the data which revealed themselves to be important to the couples: Secrecy versus openness, choosing one method and not another, conflict versus peace, ways of knowing, and comfort versus discomfort. This study was conducted in a context in which both members of the heterosexual couple were present. Valuable insights have been lost in the past by excluding male partners from studies on contraception. Nursing implications are that men must be included in counseling and sex education for birth control. Nurses must uncover the meaning of contraceptive use for each couple to be able to help them to use birth control effectively. Important topics for discussion with the couple are: what is their life style, what are their requirements for a satisfying sexual relationship, what past experiences has the couple had with other methods of birth control, what methodshave they heard about and what do their friends use? Nurses must lobby for continued research in improved methods and cost containment of birth control methods. Nurses must use the respect and authority they have to teach and counsel all ages of people about sex and birth control. Nursing educators must change curricula to include sex education andinformation about sensitive topics in all courses. Expose students to family planning and out patient settings. Sex and birth control are decisions made in the context of the person's whole life. They are part of who a person is and will become. Sex and birth control are influenced by everything which influences that person including their health. Students can never learn too soon that they will be nursing the whole patient, including her/his sexuality.

Key Terms: prevention/key male values/health promotion/Birth control/Human Becoming Theory/Contraception/Nursing/Sex education/Family Planning/Influence/Sexuality